AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT
27-11/32 grains	1 dram
16 drams	1 ounce
16 ounces	1 pound
25 pounds	1 quarter
4 quarters	1 cwt.
2,000 pounds	1 short ton
2,240 pounds	1 long ton

 

CUBIC MEASURE
1 cubic centimeter	0.061 cubic inch
1 cubic inch	16.39 cubic cent
1 cubic decimeter	0.0353 cubic foot
1 cubic foot	28.317 cubic dec.
1 cubic meter	1.308 cubic yards
1 cubic yard	0.7646 cubic meter
1 stere	0.2759 cord
1 cord	3.624 steres
1 liter	0.906 qt. Dry = 1.0567 qts. Liquid
1 quart dry	1.101 liters
1 quart liquid	0.9463 liter
1 dekaliter	2.6417 gallons = 1.135 pecks
1 gallon	0.375 dekaliter
1 peck	0.881 dekaliter
1 hekoliter	2.8375 bushels
1 bushel	0.3524 hekaliter

 

FORCE
1 pound force	1 slug x 1 foot sec/sec
1 dyne	1 gram x 1 centimeter sec/sec
1 newton	1 kilogram x 1 meter sec/sec
1 pound force	4.452 newtons
1 newton	100.000 dynes = 0.224 pounds force
1 gram force	980.6 dynes

GEOMETRIC FIGURES
Area of a circle	D2 x 0.7854 = π r2 (r = radius)
Circumference of a circle	π D or 2π r
Area of a sphere	π D2 - 4π r2 (D + diameter)
Area of a triangle	1/2 altitude x base
Volume of a cone	area of base x 1/3 alititude
Area of a trapezoid	1/2 (sum of parallel sides) x altitude

 

IMPERIAL LIQUID MEASURE
1 U.S. gallon	.883 Imperial gallon
1 U.S. gallon	3.785 liters
1 Imperial gallon	1.201 U.S. gallons
1 Imperial gallon	4.546 liters
1 liter	0.264 U.S. gallons
1 liter	0.220 Imperial gallon

INTERNATIONAL ELECTRICAL UNITS
1 international ohm	1.000495 absolute ohms
1 international volt	1.00033 absolute volts
1 international ampere	0.999835 absolute ampere
1 international coulomb	0.999835 absolute coulomb
1 international henry	1.000495 absolute henries
1 international farad	0.999505 absolute farad
1 international watt	1.000165 absolute watts
1 international joule	1.000165 absolute joules

LENGTH
1 centimeter	0.3937 inches = 0.0328 feet
1 meter	39.37 inches = 3.28 feet
1 kilometer	0.62137 miles = 3280 feet
1 inch	2.54 centimeters
1 foot	0.3048 meters
1 mil	0.001 inch
1 mile	5280 feet = 1760 yards = 1.609 kilometers
1 yard	0.9144 meter
1 dekameter	1.9884 rods
1 rod	0.5029 dekameters

LIQUID WEIGHT
4 gils	1 pint
2 pints	1 quart
4 quarts	1 gallon
31-1/2 gallons	1 barrel

 

DRY MEASURE
2 pints	1 quart
8 quarts	1 peck
4 pecks	1 bushel

 

LONG MEASURE
12 inches	1 foot
3 feet	1 yard
5 1/2 yards	1 rod
40 rods	1 furlong
8 furlongs	1 statue mile
3 miles	1 league

 

MARINER'S MEASURE
6 feet	1 fathom
120 fathoms	1 cable length
7-1/3 cable lengths	1 mile
5,280 feet	1 statue mile
6,080.2 feet	1 nautical mile

 

MASS
1 slug	32.2 pounds mass = 14.606 kilograms
1 pound mass	453.6 grams

 

METRIC SYSTEM PREFIXES
Mega	1,000,000
Kilo	1,000
Hecto	100
Deka	10
Deci	.10
Centi	.01
Milli	0.001
Micro	0.000001

 

MISCELLANEOUS CONSTANTS
Loge X	2.30259 log10 X
Electronic charge	4.8 x 10-10 e.s.u. = 1.60 x 10-20 e.m.u.
Mass units	1.07 x 10-3 x Mev = 6.71 x 10-2 ergs
Speed of light	3 x 108 meters/sec
Speed of sound (in air at sea level)	1100 ft/sec
π	3.14159
e	2.71828

 

POWER
1 Watt	1 joule/sec
1 horsepower	550 ft. lb/sec = 716 watts
1 Watt	3.412 BTU/hr = 0.239 gram calorie/sec
P(watts)	R (ohms) x I (amperes)2
P(watts)	E (volts)2 / R (ohms)

 

PRESSURE
1 atmosphere	14.69 ponuds/sq inch = 29.92 in. of Hg
1 atmosphere	76 cm of Hg = 33.9 ft of water
1 in. Hg	0.491 pounds/sq. in
Water Pressure pounds/sq. in	head in ft x 0.434

 

SQUARE MEASURE
1 sq. mile	2.59 kilometers
1 circular mil	0.7854 sq. mils
1 sq. inch	1,000,000 sq. mils
1 sq. decimeter	0.1076 sq. foot
1 acre	60 sq. rod
1 sq. cm	0.155 sq. inches
1 sq. meter	1.196 sq. yards = 10.784 sq. ft
1 sq. kilometer	0.386 sq. miles
1 sq. inch	6.452 sq. centimeters
1 sq. foot	929.03 sq. cm = 0.092903 sq. meters
1 sq. yard	0.8361 sq. meters

 

TEMPERATURE CONVERSION
°C = 5/9 (°F - 32)
°F = 9/5 (°C + 32)

 

TIME
1 day	86,400 seconds
1 year	8760 hours (approx.)

 

TIME
1 circle	360 degrees
1 radian	57.3 degrees
1 degree	8760 0.01745 radians

 

TROY WEIGHT
24 grains	1 pwt.
20 pwt	1 ounce
12 ounces	1 pound
(Used for weighing gold, silver, and jewels)

 

WEIGHTS
1 gram	0.03527 ounce
1 ounce	28.35 grams
1 kilogram	2.2046 pounds
1 pound	0.4536 kilogram
1 metric ton	0.98421 English ton
1 English ton	1.016 metric ton

 

WORK & ENERGY - MECHANICAL
1 erg	1 dyne x 1 dentimeter
1 joule	1 newton x 1 meter = 105 dynes x 102 cm = 107 ergs
1 ft lb	1 pound force x 1 foot = 1.356 joules
WORK & ENERGY - HEAT EQUIVALENT
1 BTU raises 1 pound of water 1oF
1 gram calorie raises 1 gram of water 1oC
1 BTU = 252 gram calories = 778 ft lb = 1055 joules
1 gram calorie = 0.003964 BTU = 4.184 joules
1 horsepower hour = 2544 BTU's
WORK & ENERGY - ELECTRICAL EQUIVALENT
1 jDCoule	1 watt x 1 second = 1 amp (DC) x 1 volt () x 1 secon
W (joules)	1/2 L (henries) x 1 (amperes)2
W (joules)	1/2 C (farads) x E (volts)2
1 kilowatt hour	3,600,000 joules