| Units of
Measure |
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| WEIGHTS |
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| 1 gram
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0.03527 ounce |
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| 1 ounce
. |
28.35 grams |
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| 1 kilogram
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2.2046 pounds |
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| 1 pound
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0.04536 kilogram |
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| 1 metric ton
. |
0.98421 English ton |
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| 1 English ton
..
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1.016 metric ton |
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| MASS |
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| 1 slug
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32.2 pounds mass = 14.606
kilograms |
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| 1 pound mass
. |
453.6 grams |
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| FORCE |
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| 1 pound force
.. |
1 slug x 1 foot sec/sec |
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| 1 dyne
.. |
1 gram x 1 centimeter sec/sec |
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| 1 newton
.. |
1 kilogram x 1 meter sec/sec |
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| 1 pound force
.. |
4.452 newtons |
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| 1 newton
. |
100.000 dynes = 0.224
pounds force |
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| 1 gram force
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980.6 dynes |
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| PRESSURE |
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| 1 atmosphere
.. |
14.69 ponuds/sq inch =
29.92 in. of Hg |
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| 1 atmosphere
.. |
76 cm of Hg = 33.9 ft of water |
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| 1 in. Hg
. |
0.491 pounds/sq. in |
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| Water Pressure pounds/sq. in
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head in ft x 0.434 |
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| WORK
& ENERGY - MECHANICAL |
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| 1 erg
. |
1 dyne x 1 dentimeter |
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| 1 joule
.. |
1 newton x 1 meter = 105 dynes x 102cm = 107 ergs |
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| 1 ft lb
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1 pound force x 1 foot =
1.356 joules |
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| WORK
& ENERGY - HEAT EQUIVALENT |
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| 1 BTU raises 1 pound of water
1oF |
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| 1
gram calorie raises 1 gram of water 1oC |
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| 1
BTU = 252 gram calories = 778 ft lb = 1055 joules |
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| 1
gram calorie = 0.003964 BTU = 4.184
joules |
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| 1 horsepower hour = 2544
BTU's |
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| WORK
& ENERGY - ELECTRICAL EQUIVALENT |
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| 1 joule
.. |
1 watt x 1 second = 1 amp
(DC) x 1 volt (DC) x 1 second |
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| W (joules)
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1/2 L (henries) x 1 (amperes)2 |
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| W (joules)
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1/2 C (farads) x E (volts)2 |
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| 1 kilowatt hour
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3,600,000 joules |
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| POWER |
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| 1 Watt
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1 joule/sec |
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| 1 horsepower
.. |
550 ft. lb/sec = 716 watts |
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| 1 Watt
.. |
3.412 BTU/hr = 0.239 gram
calorie/sec |
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| P(watts)
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R (ohms) x I (amperes)2 |
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| P(watts)
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E (volts)2 / R (ohms) |
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| METRIC SYSTEM PREFIXES |
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| Mega
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1,000,000 |
Deci
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0.10 |
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| Kilo
.. |
1,000 |
Centi
.. |
0.01 |
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| Hecto
|
100 |
Milli
. |
0.001 |
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| Deka
. |
10 |
Micro
.. |
0.000001 |
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| AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT |
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| 27-11/32 grains
... |
1 dram |
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| 16 drams
.. |
1 ounce |
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| 16 ounces
. |
1 pound |
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| 25 pounds
. |
1 quarter |
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| 4 quarters
. |
1 cwt. |
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| 2,000 pounds
.. |
1 short ton |
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| 2,240 pounds
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1 long ton |
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| TROY WEIGHT |
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| 24 grains
.. |
1 pwt. |
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| 20 pwt
.. |
1 ounce |
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| 12 ounces
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1 pound |
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| (Used
for weighing gold, silver, and jewels |
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| LIQUID WEIGHT |
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DRY MEASURE |
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| 4 gils
. |
1 pint |
2 pints
.. |
1 quart |
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| 2 pints
.. |
1 quart |
8 quarts
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1 peck |
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| 4 quarts
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1 gallon |
4 pecks
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1 bushel |
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| 31-1/2 gallons
. |
1 barrel |
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| IMPERIAL
LIQUID MEASURE |
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| 1 U.S. gallon
.. |
0.883 Imperial gallon |
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| 1 U.S. gallon
.. |
3.785 liters |
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| 1 Imperial gallon
. |
1.201 U.S. gallons |
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| 1 Imperial gallon
. |
4.546 liters |
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| 1 liter
. |
0.264 U.S. gallons |
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| 1 liter
. |
0.220 Imperial gallon |
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| LONG MEASURE |
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| 12 inches
. |
1 foot |
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| 3 feet
. |
1 yard |
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| 5-1/2 yards
.. |
1 rod |
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| 40 rods
. |
1 furlong |
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| 8 furlongs
. |
1 statue mile |
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| 3 miles
. |
1 league |
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| MARINER'S MEASURE |
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| 6 feet
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1 fathom |
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| 120 fathoms
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1 cable length |
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| 7-1/3 cable lengths
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1 mile |
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| 5,280 feet
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1 statue mile |
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| 6,080.2 feet
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1 nautical mile |
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| SQUARE MEASURE |
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| 144 sq. inches
. |
1 sq. ft |
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| 9 sq. ft
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1 sq. yard |
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| 30-1/4 sq. yards
. |
1 sq. rod |
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| 40 sq. rods
.. |
1 rood |
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| 4 roods
. |
1 acre |
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| 640 sq. acres
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1 sq. mile |
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| LENGTH |
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| 1 centimeter
. |
0.3937 inches = 0.0328 feet |
1 mil
. |
0.001 inch |
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| 1 meter
. |
39.37 inches = 1.0936 yards |
1 mile
.. |
5280 feet = 1760 yards =
1.609 kilometers |
| 1 kilometer
.. |
0.62137 miles = 3280 feet |
1 yard
.. |
0.9144 meter |
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| 1 inch
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2.54 centimeters |
1 dekameter
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1.9884 rods |
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| 1 foot
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0.3048 meters |
1 rod
. |
0.5029 dekameters |
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| SQUARE MEASURE |
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| 1 sq. mile
. |
2.59 kilometers |
1 sq. cm
.. |
0.155 sq. inches |
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| 1 circular mil
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0.7854 sq. mils |
1 sq. meter
.. |
1.196 sq. yards = 10.784 sq. ft |
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| 1 sq. inch
. |
1,000,000 sq. mils |
1 sq. kilometer
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0.386 sq. miles |
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| 1 sq. decimeter
.. |
0.1076 sq. foot |
1 sq. inch
. |
6.452 sq. centimeters |
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| 1 acre
.. |
60 sq. rod |
1 sq. foot
.. |
929.03 sq. cm = 0.092903
sq. meters |
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1 sq. yard
. |
0.8361 sq. meters |
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| CUBIC MEASURE |
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| 1 cubic centimeter
. |
0.061 cubic inch |
1 liter
|
0.906 qt. Dry = 1.0567 qts. Liquid |
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| 1 cubic inch
. |
16.39 cubic cent |
1 quart dry
.. |
1.101 liters |
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| 1 cubic decimeter
.. |
0.0353 cubic foot |
1 quart liquid
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0.9463 liter |
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| 1 cubic foot
. |
28.317 cubic dec. |
1 dekaliter
|
2.6417 gallons = 1.135 pecks |
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| 1 cubic meter
. |
1.308 cubic yards |
1 gallon
|
0.375 dekaliter |
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| 1 cubic yard
|
0.7646 cubic meter |
1 peck
.. |
0.881 dekaliter |
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| 1 stere
.. |
0.2759 cord |
1 hekoliter
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2.8375 bushels |
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| 1 cord
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3.624 steres |
1 bushel
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0.3524 hekaliter |
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| TIME |
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ANGLES |
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| 1 day
. |
86,400 seconds |
1 circle
. |
360 degrees |
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| 1 year
|
8760 hours (approx.) |
1 radian
. |
57.3 degrees |
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1 degree
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0.01745 radians |
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| GEOMETRIC FIGURES |
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| Area of a circle
|
D2 x
0.7854 = π r2 (r = radius) |
Area of a triangle
|
1/2 altitude x base |
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| Circumference of a circle
.. |
π D or 2π r |
Volume of a cone
.. |
area of base x 1/3 alititude |
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| Area of a sphere
. |
π D2 - 4π r2 (D + diameter) |
Area of a trapezoid
. |
1/2 (sum of parallel sides) x altitude |
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MISCELLANEOUS CONSTANTS |
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Loge X
. |
2.30259 log10 X |
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Electronic charge
. |
4.8 x 10-10
e.s.u. = 1.60 x 10-20
e.m.u. |
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Mass units
. |
1.07 x 10-3 x Mev = 6.71 x 10-2 ergs |
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Speed of light
|
3 x 108
meters/sec |
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Speed of sound (in air at sea level)
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1100 ft/sec |
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π = 3.14159 |
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e = 2.71828 |
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| INTERNATIONAL
ELECTRICAL UNITS |
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| 1 international ohm
. |
1.000495 absolute ohms |
1 international henry
.. |
1.000495 absolute henries |
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| 1 international volt
.. |
1.00033 absolute volts |
1 international farad
|
0.999505 absolute farad |
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| 1 international ampere
|
0.999835 absolute ampere |
1 international watt
. |
1.000165 absolute watts |
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| 1 international coulomb
. |
0.999835 absolute coulomb |
1 international joule
|
1.000165 absolute joules |
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| TEMPERATURE
CONVERSION |
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| oC = 5/9 (oF - 32) |
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| oF = 9/5 oC + 32 |
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